Exam information

• multiple choice no Teilpunkte

International Migration

• Family → unification policy
• asylum seeker: intention of becoming a refugee, refugee: legal status given
• Statistics not necessarily representative → Ukraine refugees not accounted for equally in all countries
• Ratios can differ among countries
• Types of immigrants counted also varies → often for political reasons

Free movement

• first 3 months whatever bc of Schengen (short-term travel)
• long-term settlement: have to prove that you can provide for yourself (not dependent on welfare)
• Random border controls possible + in case of concerns for health/national security can notify Commission that they will impose temporary border controls
  • systematic border controls not allowed
  • practically: a lot of control over national borders
• Amsterdam: brought Schengen into Treaties → new Members cannot opt-out
  • Schengen was independent intergovernmental treaty
  • some MS have opt-outs (Ireland)
• Lisbon: ordinary legislative procedure → QMV rather than unanimity in Council of the EU
  • infringement proceedings possible under CJEU
• EASO audits national people, can also supplement workers

Asylum

Migration and Asylum Pact:

• Reception and processing supposed to be shortened (5-7 days per applicant)
• Will keep people under detention until process is finished
• more resources & solidarity processes allocated